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Ajax: Tools of the trade
A rich array of tools for the modern JavaScript developer
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Where JavaScript developers were once tool-deprived, today we're often overwhelmed with the abundance of options. In this article, Foundations of Ajax author Nathaniel T. Schutta reviews development environments, debuggers, testing tools, and utilities that elevate JavaScript to first-class status in the Web development world. If you're still programming JavaScript in a text editor, this survey of the modern tools landscape should open your eyes -- and could make your life much easier. Level: Beginner
JavaScript is one of today's most widely used -- and misunderstood -- programming languages. Though it has been a part of the Web development toolbox for years, many developers shunned it after struggling with browser incompatibilities and hitting the limits of alerts as a debugging tool. For some time, the solution was a détente: many software engineers retreated to the comfortable confines of the server and left the JavaScript work to user interface designers. But then the earth moved: Jesse James Garrett coined the term Ajax, a new generation of Web applications was born, and developers' interest in JavaScript was renewed.
If you're one of those who've recently returned to the JavaScript fold, you might be surprised to find a rich suite of tools awaiting you. JavaScript programming today entails more than just a text editor and a great deal of patience. In this article I provide you with an overview of the modern JavaScript developer's toolkit, including IDEs that offer code completion, debugging aids that extend beyond alerts, code and UI testing tools, and other helpful utilities.
IDEs
Back in the days of CRT monitors, the humble text editor was the IDE of choice for the JavaScript developer. Unlike the denizens of the back-end, Web developers didn't have fancy editors with autocomplete and refactoring support; no, we had to walk uphill in driving snow. Today though, the story is different. Spurred as much by the rise of dynamic programming languages as by the importance of Ajax, IDEs now support more than just static compiled languages.
NetBeans, IntelliJ, and Eclipse all offer support for JavaScript -- either built-in or through plugins -- that go beyond basic syntax highlighting. Not sure what the arguments are to that library call? Code completion to the rescue! You'll also find error highlighting, debugging, and even refactoring tools. Figure 1 shows a code-completion example in NetBeans.
Figure 1. JavaScript code completion in NetBeans (Click to enlarge.)
IDEs might not give JavaScript developers quite everything they offer the modern Java developer, but we aren't exactly stuck with a magnetized needle either.
Firebug
Web development arguably has two distinct eras: BFB -- the (prehistoric) time before Firebug when we learned the limits of alerts -- and the modern AFB (after Firebug) when we found that we can once again spend quality time with our families. Firebug truly is Web development evolved. Developing a Web application without using Firebug is like coding Java in vi -- it can be done, but it's just not worth the pain.
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Resources
- Downloads and resources for all the tools discussed in this article:
- Editing JavaScript in NetBeans
- The IntelliJ IDEA JavaScript Editor
- JavaScript Plugins for Eclipse
- Firebug, including DOM exploration, CSS development, and network monitoring
- Firebug Lite
- YSlow
- Hammerhead
- JsUnit
- JSSpec
- YUI Test
- Crosscheck
- Selenium
- Watir
- JSLint
- JSMin
- YUI Compressor
- PDoc
- YUI Doc
- In The Ajax developer's toolkit, author Nate Schutta talked with Andrew Glover about his book, Foundations of Ajax (Apress, October 2005) and about the state of Ajax programming today.
- "Ajax: A New Approach to Web Applications" (Jesse James Garrett, Adaptive Path, 2005) is the ur-text on Ajax.technology.
- Read the JavaWorld primers on TDD and BDD.
- Read about John Resig's successful efforts to create a Fully Headless JSSpec (Justin Gehtland, Relevance Blog, July 2008).
More from JavaWorld
- Learn all about Ajax, RIA, and Web 2.0 on JavaWorld.
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- JavaWorld's Java Technology Insider is a podcast series that lets you learn from Java technology experts on your way to work.
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