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Other than the dilemma of when, where, and how Enterprise Beans should be used, knowledge of third-party products in the market is essential in building highly scalable enterprise applications. For example, using products such as TopLink from WebGain or Javlin from Excelon can boost performance of EJB-based applications.
In my opinion, we need better guidelines from Sun and other sources for when and how to use Enterprise JavaBeans. Case studies about how Enterprise JavaBeans are implemented in the real world and in real products -- not just reference implementations -- would also be very helpful. Developers that are not familiar with the J2EE environment should rely on experts that understand the overall architecture of J2EE and that have hands-on development experience. Also, a thorough understanding of the J2EE-compliant application server and available third-party products is crucial. But most importantly, read the J2EE Blueprints from Sun to get details about the environment before jumping into development.