// example1.java

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;

public class example1 extends Applet implements ItemListener
{
    Locale l;
    TextArea ta;

    // ===============================================
    // getInsets
    //
    // Return the layout margins of the four different
    // sides of the applet's panel container.  By
    // default, these margins are set to 0.  Setting
    // the margins to 5 pixels each gives us a nicer
    // looking applet.  The panel container's layout
    // manager calls this method.
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    // none
    //
    // Return:
    //
    // container's insets
    // ===============================================

    public Insets getInsets ()
    {
        return new Insets (5, 5, 5, 5);
    }

    // ======================
    // init
    //
    // Initialize the applet.
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    // none
    //
    // Return:
    //
    // none
    // ======================
    
    public void init ()
    {
        // Set BorderLayout to be the applet's new layout manager (FlowLayout is the default).
        
        setLayout (new BorderLayout ());

        // Create a text area object (which will hold locale information).

        ta = new TextArea ();
        
        // Add text area object to top of applet object's border area.

        add ("North", ta); 

        // Create a panel object and add a label object to this panel.

        Panel p = new Panel ();
        p.add (new Label ("Language: "));        

        // Create a Choice object, languages, and add English, French, German, and Italian text items to this
        // object.

        Choice languages = new Choice ();
        languages.addItem ("English");
        languages.addItem ("French");
        languages.addItem ("German");
        languages.addItem ("Italian");
        p.add (languages);

        // Add a reference to the current applet object as a listener to languages.  Whenever a new item
        // is selected from languages, the text area control will be repopulated with new locale information.
        // Add languages to the panel.

        languages.addItemListener (this);

        // Set the panel's background color.

        p.setBackground (Color.green);

        // Add languages label and choice list panel to bottom of applet object's border area.

        add ("South", p);

        // Create an initial locale object.  The first argument to the constructor describes the 
        // locale's language (en - English) while the second constructor argument describes the 
        // locale's country (US - United States).  Both arguments are defined by the International
        // Standards Organization.

        l = new Locale ("en", "US");

        // Populate text area object with initial locale information.

        populate ();

        // Set default focus to the languages object.

        languages.requestFocus ();

        // Set the applet's background color.

        setBackground (Color.green.darker ());
    }

    // ===========================================================================
    // itemStateChanged
    //
    // This method is called whenever a selection is made to the languages object.
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    // e - event object describing selection change.
    //
    // Return:
    //
    // none
    // ===========================================================================

    public void itemStateChanged (ItemEvent e) 
    {
        if (e.getStateChange () == ItemEvent.SELECTED) 
        {
            // Obtain languages item (English, French, German).

            String language = (String) e.getItem ();

            // Based on selected languages item, establish a new default locale.
            // The first parameter to the Locale object describes a language and
            // the second parameter describes a country.  Both values are defined
            // by the International Standards Organization.

            if (language.equals ("English"))
                l = new Locale ("en", "US");
            else
            if (language.equals ("French"))
                l = new Locale ("fr", "FR");
            else
            if (language.equals ("German"))
                l = new Locale ("de", "DE");
            else
                l = new Locale ("it", "IT");

            // Re-populate the text area object.

            populate ();
        }
    }

    // ===================================================
    // populate
    //
    // Populate text area control with locale information.
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    // none
    //
    // Return:
    //
    // none
    // ===================================================

    private void populate ()
    {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer ();

        sb.append ("Language Code = " + l.getLanguage () + "\n");
        sb.append ("Country Code = " + l.getCountry () + "\n");
        sb.append ("Variant = " + l.getVariant () + "\n");
        sb.append ("ISO 3-letter Language Abbreviation = " + l.getISO3Language () + "\n");
        sb.append ("ISO 3-letter Country Abbreviation = " + l.getISO3Country () + "\n");
        sb.append ("Display Language = " + l.getDisplayLanguage (l) + "\n");
        sb.append ("Display Country = " + l.getDisplayCountry (l) + "\n");
        sb.append ("Display Variant = " + l.getDisplayVariant (l) + "\n");
        sb.append ("Display Name = " + l.getDisplayName (l) + "\n");

        // Populate text area control with locale information.

        ta.setText (sb.toString ());
    }
}